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What condition is directly associated with hormone imbalances that affect skin health?

  1. Psoriasis

  2. Acne vulgaris

  3. Melasma

  4. All of the above

The correct answer is: All of the above

Hormone imbalances play a significant role in various skin conditions, and all the listed options are related to skin health issues influenced by hormonal changes. Acne vulgaris, for instance, is often exacerbated by hormonal fluctuations, especially during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy when androgens increase sebum production, leading to clogged pores and breakouts. Melasma, another skin condition, is primarily caused by hormonal changes, commonly seen in pregnant women due to elevated estrogen levels, resulting in dark patches on the skin, particularly on the face. Psoriasis, while primarily an autoimmune condition, can also be influenced by hormonal changes such as those experienced during puberty or menopause, affecting its severity and flare-ups. Each condition mentioned is linked to hormone levels, demonstrating how hormonal imbalances can impact overall skin health in various ways. Thus, the correct choice encompasses all these conditions since they are all directly associated with hormone imbalances to different degrees.